Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    12 We moved in recently.
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).