Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    13 Víte to jistě?
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).