Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    8 To rád slyším.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).