Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).