Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    8 To rád slyším.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).