Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    5 We'll watch a film.
    4 I'll have chips.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).