Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    13 Víte to jistě?

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).