Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    1 The bill please!
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).