Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).