Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I don't get it.
    1 How've you been?
    7 He's known her for years.
    18 I've been taking driving lessons.
    19 I was fined for speeding.
    16 I'll do it asap.
    11 I'll do my best.
    6 It made him angry.
    8 He's to come too.
    4 They differ in many ways.
    14 We had the house built.
    9 What was I supposed to do?
    5 He has no sense of humour.
    15 Have you done it yet?
    10 Can you give me a lift?
    12 I'd love to, but I can't.
    17 I'm looking forward to that.
    3 It's getting worse.
    13 Have we met (before)?

    Speeding spiːdɪŋ je překročení povolené rychlosti (speed - rychlost). Speeding ticket je pokuta za rychlost. Např.: He got a speeding ticket. - Dostal pokutu za rychlost.

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 John had an accident, but it wasn't his fault.
    1 Bob was fined 400 dollars for driving too fast.
    4 Americans mostly buy cars made in the US.
    7 Some 5 million people travel on the tube every day in London.
    8 The number of yellow cabs in New York is about 13.5 thousand.
    6 Both the British and Americans like to use trains.
    5 New Yorkers are known to walk a lot around the city.
    3 They usually don't leave a tip in British pubs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 I'll keep it on.
    • 2 I won't keep you long.
    • 3 He broke up with her.
    • 4 I'll find out.
    • 5 He made it up.
    • 6 I'll catch up with you.
    • 7 He's missing her.
    • 8 He was fired.
    • g Nezdržím tě dlouho.
    • e Nechám si to na sobě.
    • c Dostal vyhazov.
    • g Zjistím to.
    • b Doženu vás.
    • f Vymyslel si to.
    • d Rozešel se s ní.
    • a Chybí mu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 How long will it ask/take/keep to get there? - About an hour.
    8 They took in/off/out a loan to buy a car.
    7 Come out/on/at. Hurry up! We'll be late.
    3 Jane and Bob prepared it himself/themselves/ourselves.
    9 I'm sorry of/at/about that. I did it by/on/of mistake.
    5 Did you get my e-mail? - Yes, but I haven't red/read/readed it yet.
    1 Most from/of/in them didn't know.
    6 Could you take/get/pick me up at the airport tomorrow?
    4 He wasn't supposed to know. You couldn't/shouldn't/wouldn't have told him.
    10 I usually go in/in/by car, but we met in/at/on the bus.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte členy, some nebo any, kde třeba.

    8 I saw it on TV yesterday when I was watching news.
    1 Is there place where we could have dinner?
    3 Can you lend me money? - I don't have money.
    7 I had accident when driving to work this morning.
    14 I had busy day at work. I'm going to bed.
    6 Can you give me hand? - I don't have time for that.
    10 USA and Canada are almost same size.
    13 Take meat out of bag and put it in fridge.
    2 Are there other ways? I can't think of .
    11 A boy from US met girl from Europe.
    9 Would you like more cake? - Yes. I haven't had yet.
    5 Have wine! - Thanks, I don't drink alcohol.
    4 I bought new car. - What did you do with old one?
    12 He's American who makes lot of money.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    9 Neměl bys mu o tom říkat. You tell him.
    4 Budete muset počkat. You'll wait.
    3 Je mi to jedno. I don't (about it).
    5 Doufám, že ne. I hope .
    7 Kolikrát jsi to už viděl? How many have you seen it?
    12 Počkám, až přijde. I'll wait him to come.
    14 Co tím myslíte? What do you by that?
    2 Byli jsme okradeni. We were .
    10 Lepší by bylo počkat. It better to wait.
    11 To jídlo se může zkazit. The food may bad.
    6 Kolik peněz tam je? How money is there?
    1 Chystám se k odchodu. I'm to leave.
    13 Bude to hotovo do pátku. It'll be finished Friday.
    8 Pokud vím... As as I know ...

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 He had a house built ...
    • 2 I'll tell her about it ...
    • 3 I've been learning English ...
    • 4 I tried to call him ...
    • 5 We had to wait ...
    • 6 I'm really sorry about ...
    • 7 I had a car accident ...
    • 8 He was fined 500 dollars ...
    • a for about two years now.
    • d but it wasn't my fault.
    • h although she shouldn't know.
    • b what happened to her.
    • e but he isn't answering the phone.
    • c but he sold it soon after.
    • f which made him angry.
    • g until they came back.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Don't give up. You must stay/keep/last trying.
    2 What's up, man? Long time no sea/see/say. How've you been?
    11 I came at/across/about an interesting article.
    5 Are you hungry? - Not right/really/hardly. But I'm thirsty.
    4 I'm trying! - I know but you must try stronger/harder/heavier!
    10 I sent it at/to/in his e-mail address at/on/by accident.
    8 I'm in a hurry. I must catch/reach/have the bus.
    12 I met her in/on/at the bus although I usually go on/in/by car.
    9 There will be no meeting. It was called out/away/off.
    6 I'm feeling unwell. I'll have to see/meet/reach a doctor.
    1 Are you looking forward to it? - Yes, I can't stay/afford/wait to see it.
    13 We didn't meet on/at/by chance. We agreed to meet/meeting/met.
    3 He's a year younger, but he's a head longer/taller/higher than me.

    Předložka by také znamená kolem, vedle (o pohybu). Např.: A police car went by. - Kolem projelo policejní auto. Stop by je hovorově stavit se (za někým).

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam.

    5 You must take off your glasses. - You must put your glasses.
    12 She calmed him down. - She made him .
    11 It's getting better. - It's getting .
    7 The computer is still on. - The computer is .
    13 They helped me do it. - I did it .
    15 He does hardly any work. - He works really .
    6 You can get there by car. - You have to there.
    14 What time do you go to bed? - What time do you up?
    2 He's found a job. - He was .
    4 I threw it away. - I it.
    9 It cost at least 300. - It cost at 300.
    3 She needn't know about it. - She know about it.
    8 Don't bring him with you. - Feel to bring him with you.
    1 I have to work tomorrow. - I'm taking a day tomorrow.
    10 I like both beer and wine. - I like beer wine.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa v nápovědě.

    4 He's speak to her.
    9 I give it to him and I think he keep it.
    5 The house was sell for 20.000.
    8 He have an accident and was take to hospital.
    3 I've bring some wine.
    1 Where be you last night?
    6 She was hit by a car.
    10 He be here a moment ago and he leave a message for you.
    7 They meet years ago and become friends.
    2 I haven't see you for ages!

    Slovo left znamená též zbylý. Užívá se hlavně ve spojení be left - zbýt, zbývat. Např.: There's nothing left. - Nic nezbylo., I don't have much money left. - Už mi nezbývá moc peněz. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    9 Look these two. Is there any difference them?
    6 Don't worry that. I'll take care it.
    7 Who'll be looking the kids when she's gone?
    4 He'll be back ten minutes. You can wait him.
    10 What disease did he die ? It's not known.
    8 They spend all their money food and clothes.
    11 Do you have it you? - No, I left it work.
    3 I'm too tired. I can't go .
    12 Thank you so much. It's so nice you.
    2 I'll see you Monday 4 p.m.
    5 We'll meet Christmas Eve at 7 p.m. my place.
    1 Only one 20 Americans don't have a car.

    Američané často jako výraz díků říkají: I appreciate it. - Vážím si toho., Oceňuji to. (appreciate əˈpriːʃɪˌeɪt - oceňovat, vážit si)

    Exercise 12

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 I've been learning English for a year.
    1 He left for work an hour ago.
    9 He drank five beers.
    5 We'll spend the weekend at the seaside.
    2 I've been waiting for an hour.
    3 Nobody else knows about it.
    4 I told Bob and Jane about it.
    6 I've known her for 2 years.
    7 It cost me over 500 dollars.
    8 I haven't sent it yet.

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte překlady vět pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Našli ji o týden později. She a week later.
    11 Viděli ji, jak odchází. She leaving.
    10 Ví se o něm, že je bohatý. He to be rich.
    9 Vzali ho na vysokou. He to college.
    4 Srazilo je nákladní auto. They by a truck.
    3 Mohli by ho vyhodit z práce. He could .
    5 Postavili 3 nové domy. Three new houses .
    1 Ukradli mu auto. His car .
    8 Článek napsala dívka. The article by a girl.
    6 Tato auta se vyrábí v Japonsku. These cars in Japan.
    2 Bude povýšena. She'll .
    7 Toto slovo se často neužívá. This word often.

    I'm flattered. ˈflætəd nebo též I feel flattered. je česky Jsem polichocen.

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 Stop fun of me!
    12 I only have 20 dollars. Will it ?
    11 He a lot of money last year.
    6 We can't without their help.
    2 I've a big mistake.
    13 This dress me look fat.
    15 it sense to you?
    10 Please your best. It's very important.
    5 I'm running late. I won't it in time.
    1 Have you your homework?
    9 These photos me want to go on holiday.
    14 He it to her angry.
    8 I need to a phone call.
    7 They a lot of damage when they broke in.
    4 How did you at school? Were you a good student?

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte odpovědi pomocí slovesa z otázky.

    2 When did he lose his job? - He his job last year.
    7 Did you buy any wine? - No, I only food.
    9 How did you feel when you found out? - I really bad.
    3 Did you get my message? - No, I no message.
    10 Did you write down his name? - No, I his number.
    6 How many times did you try it? - I it at least five times.
    8 Did you understand him? - I only a few words.
    5 How long did you spend there? - We a week there.
    1 Where did you go on holiday? - We to the seaside.
    4 When did they send it? - They it last night.

    Exercise 16

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    8 She used to work a teacher.
    1 Have you ever been the USA?
    5 It's too hot inside. I'll wait the pub.
    6 I got it Christmas a friend of mine.
    4 It's very hot. The temperature is 30 degrees.
    11 It's not for kids. You must be 18 years old to buy it.
    7 I'm tired listening to them. I'm leaving.
    9 It looks you are having a great time.
    3 I'm leaving Paris tomorrow.
    2 We'll meet the airport.
    12 We'are all very sorry her death.
    10 It was a secret meeting. They met closed doors.

    Spojení feel sorry for se užívá, když někoho litujete, be sorry for hlavně při omluvě za svůj čin ap., ale be sorry about se užije o situaci či něčem, co nastalo. Např.: I felt sorry for him. - Bylo mi ho líto., I'm sorry for disturbing you. - Promiňte, že vás ruším. ALE I'm sorry about that. - To mě mrzí. Sorry se může vázat i s infinitivem. Např.: We're sorry to inform you ... - S politováním vám oznamujeme...

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte. Neužívejte stažené tvary. (Pište celými slovy.)

    10
    6
    9
    3
    2
    5
    4
    8
    7
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Spojte výroky, které mají opačný význam.

    • 1 He's jobless.
    • 2 He made her angry.
    • 3 He's in good health.
    • 4 I'm enjoying it.
    • 5 He died there.
    • 6 I don't care about her.
    • 7 I have two siblings.
    • 8 I'm really hungry.
    • f He calmed her down.
    • d I'm an only child.
    • a He's seriously ill.
    • h He was born there.
    • e He's employed.
    • c I've eaten.
    • g I'm crazy about her.
    • b I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte větu posunutou do minulého času s užitím časové souslednosti.

    3 I'm sure they have it. - I was sure they it.
    1 I think she is there. - I thought she there.
    8 He says he was there. - He said he there.
    9 I don't know who did it. - I didn't know who it.
    5 I hope you'll come. - I hoped you come.
    4 I suppose you know that. - I supposed you that.
    10 I know what he's going to do. - I knew what he going to do.
    6 She says she'll help us. - She said she help us.
    2 I'm afraid they're lost. - I was afraid they lost.
    7 I believe he forgot about it. - I believed he it.

    Exercise 20

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Právě jsem to dodělal.
    just
    10 Zkus to ještě jednou.
    again; more
    8 Co ještě bych měl udělat?
    else
    5 Neviděl jsem ho už měsíce.
    for months
    7 To bude ještě dražší.
    even
    2 Už jsi to poslal?
    yet
    4 Už odešli.
    already
    6 Ještě jsem to nečetl.
    yet
    9 Dám si ještě jedno pivo.
    more
    1 Díváme se právě na film.
    just

    Exercise 21

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    • Doplňte překlady pomocí frázových sloves.

    8 Letadlo už odstartovalo. The plane has off.
    12 Došel mi benzín. I've out of petrol.
    7 Mám pustit televizi? Shall I on the TV?
    1 Už jsem zjistil, kolik to stojí. I've out how much it costs.
    11 Můžeme to odložit? Can we it off?
    5 Musím se přihlásit v hotelu. I must in at the hotel.
    10 Čti dál. on reading.
    3 Chtějí si užít (života). They want to it up.
    4 Řekni mu, ať se uklidní. Tell him to down.
    6 Ceny domů vzrostly o... House prices up by ...
    14 (Dávej) pozor! Watch !
    2 Měl by nechat kouření. He should up smoking.
    9 Vydržte chvilku. Hold a minute.
    13 Vyrazíme brzy ráno. We'll out early.

    Frázové sloveso go for má několik významů. Jeden z nejběžnějších je vybrat si nebo rozhodnout se pro. Např.: I'd go for this one. - Já bych si vybral tento. Ve významu platit pro... se užívá go for stejně jako sloveso apply to əˈplaɪˌtuː. Např.: That goes for you too., That applies to you too. - To platí i pro tebe. ap.

    Jaywalking ˈdʒeɪˌwɔːkɪŋ je neukázněné přecházení silnice. Termín jaywalker ˈdʒeɪˌwɔːkə je neukázněný chodec (přecházející na červenou, mimo přechod ap.).

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 To get a driving licence, you must first make/get/pass a driving test.
    10 The part of a street used for walking is called the jaywalk/sidewalk/walker.
    11 When you've done something many times and you have no problem doing it, you are used to/addicted to/interested in it.
    6 When you get well again after being ill, you have tired/recovered/fainted.
    9 An old person who doesn't work anymore is wrapped/retired/admitted.
    2 When you get divorced/married/bored you become a husband and wife.
    7 When someone takes your things away, you are broken/robbed/stolen.
    1 When two people are not a couple any more, they break up/down/in.
    8 When you give someone food, you say: Welcome/Cheers/Help yourself.
    3 When a meeting is to take place later, it is put out/away/off.
    4 If you want to eat healthily, you should get/avoid/order junk food.

    Obrat to hail a taxi znamená zastavit si taxi (mávnutím). Podobně se užívá fráze wave down a taxi (wave weɪv - mávnout, zamávat).

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte překlady.

    6 Zvykl jsem si na to. I used to it.
    3 To zní zajímavě. That interesting.
    13 Jeďte po této cestě. Go this road.
    5 Nechám to na vás. I'll it up to you.
    10 Bude to stát spoustu peněz. It'll cost a of money.
    9 Byla okradena dvěma muži. She by two men.
    4 Mám (moc) rád italské jídlo. I'm of Italian food.
    2 Doufejme, že to vyjde. Let's hope it'll off.
    7 Nejezdím po městě autem. I don't drive the city.
    14 Ať neodchází! Don't him go!
    11 Mám raději čaj než kávu. I tea to coffee.
    12 Vyzvednu tě na letišti. I'll you up at the airport.
    8 Odjíždím v pátek ráno. I'm leaving Friday morning.
    1 Zamilovala se do něho. She in love with him.

    Ať v rozkazu lze také někdy přeložit pomocí obratu make sure (that) (ujisti se/zajisti, že...) Např.: Make sure you don't lose it. - Ať to neztratíš., Make sure he doesn't break it. - Ať to nerozbije. ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Co takhle si dát pivo?
    pint
    4 To je ale překvapení!
    surprise
    10 Rádi bychom si objednali.
    order
    11 Platím já! (pití ap.)
    buy
    7 Nejsem z toho zrovna nadšený.
    crazy
    2 Dám vám vědět co nejdřív.
    as soon as
    9 Změnil jsem názor.
    mind
    14 To rád slyším.
    glad
    12 Neslyším vás.
    can
    3 Pokud vím, tak tady není.
    as far as
    6 Nechce se mi tam jít.
    feel like
    8 To by bylo skvělé!
    great
    1 Nevím, jak dlouho to potrvá.
    take
    13 To nevadí.
    mind

    Pozor na slovo frekventovaný při překladu do angličtiny! Ve významu častý je to frequent. Chcete-li ale říct, že je něco často navštěvované nebo je zde velký provoz, užije se frequented frɪˈkwεntɪd. Např.: frequented road - frekventovaná silnice.

    Exercise 26

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Dlouho vás nezdržím.
    17 Jak dlouho už tady čekáte?
    20 Hodně štěstí!
    4 Co se děje?
    11 Musel jsem tam jít.
    8 Nesmíš to nikomu říct.
    10 Nemusíte platit.
    1 Máte pravdu.
    16 Bydlím tady už deset let.
    6 Postarám se o to.
    9 Co ještě potřebujete?
    14 Kdybych to měl, dal bych ti to.
    12 Ještě nepřišel.
    19 Všechno nejlepší k narozeninám!
    2 Mám zpoždění.
    7 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Nevěděl jsem o tom.
    13 Nechám to na vás.
    18 Učím se anglicky už dva roky.
    15 Nikdy jsem v Londýně nebyl.

    Sidewalk je americký termín. V Británii pro chodník užívají pavement ˈpeɪvmənt! V americké angličtině je ale pavement zpevněná vozovka (asfaltovaný povrch ap.).

    Připoutat se (v autě ap.) se hlavně v americké angličtině hovorově řekne buckle up ˈbʌkəlˌʌp. Např.: Buckle up! - Připoutej(te) se!

    Pozor! Slovo police se v angličtině chová jako podstatné jméno v množném čísle, tedy: The police are ..., The police have ... ap.! Např. The police are after him. - Jde po něm policie., Police say that ... - Policie říká, že...