Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I don't get it.
    1 How've you been?
    3 It's getting worse.
    7 He's known her for years.
    5 He has no sense of humour.
    13 Have we met (before)?
    11 I'll do my best.
    4 They differ in many ways.
    18 I've been taking driving lessons.
    10 Can you give me a lift?
    19 I was fined for speeding.
    15 Have you done it yet?
    9 What was I supposed to do?
    16 I'll do it asap.
    12 I'd love to, but I can't.
    8 He's to come too.
    14 We had the house built.
    6 It made him angry.
    17 I'm looking forward to that.

    Speeding spiːdɪŋ je překročení povolené rychlosti (speed - rychlost). Speeding ticket je pokuta za rychlost. Např.: He got a speeding ticket. - Dostal pokutu za rychlost.

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Americans mostly buy cars made in the US.
    6 Both the British and Americans like to use trains.
    2 John had an accident, but it wasn't his fault.
    1 Bob was fined 400 dollars for driving too fast.
    8 The number of yellow cabs in New York is about 13.5 thousand.
    5 New Yorkers are known to walk a lot around the city.
    3 They usually don't leave a tip in British pubs.
    7 Some 5 million people travel on the tube every day in London.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 I'll keep it on.
    • 2 I won't keep you long.
    • 3 He broke up with her.
    • 4 I'll find out.
    • 5 He made it up.
    • 6 I'll catch up with you.
    • 7 He's missing her.
    • 8 He was fired.
    • a Chybí mu.
    • f Vymyslel si to.
    • g Nezdržím tě dlouho.
    • e Nechám si to na sobě.
    • c Dostal vyhazov.
    • g Zjistím to.
    • b Doženu vás.
    • d Rozešel se s ní.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 I usually go in/in/by car, but we met in/at/on the bus.
    1 Most from/of/in them didn't know.
    7 Come out/on/at. Hurry up! We'll be late.
    9 I'm sorry of/at/about that. I did it by/on/of mistake.
    4 He wasn't supposed to know. You couldn't/shouldn't/wouldn't have told him.
    2 How long will it ask/take/keep to get there? - About an hour.
    3 Jane and Bob prepared it himself/themselves/ourselves.
    8 They took in/off/out a loan to buy a car.
    6 Could you take/get/pick me up at the airport tomorrow?
    5 Did you get my e-mail? - Yes, but I haven't red/read/readed it yet.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte členy, some nebo any, kde třeba.

    3 Can you lend me money? - I don't have money.
    1 Is there place where we could have dinner?
    8 I saw it on TV yesterday when I was watching news.
    9 Would you like more cake? - Yes. I haven't had yet.
    6 Can you give me hand? - I don't have time for that.
    13 Take meat out of bag and put it in fridge.
    14 I had busy day at work. I'm going to bed.
    4 I bought new car. - What did you do with old one?
    7 I had accident when driving to work this morning.
    10 USA and Canada are almost same size.
    2 Are there other ways? I can't think of .
    12 He's American who makes lot of money.
    11 A boy from US met girl from Europe.
    5 Have wine! - Thanks, I don't drink alcohol.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    3 Je mi to jedno. I don't (about it).
    14 Co tím myslíte? What do you by that?
    5 Doufám, že ne. I hope .
    4 Budete muset počkat. You'll wait.
    8 Pokud vím... As as I know ...
    12 Počkám, až přijde. I'll wait him to come.
    10 Lepší by bylo počkat. It better to wait.
    9 Neměl bys mu o tom říkat. You tell him.
    13 Bude to hotovo do pátku. It'll be finished Friday.
    2 Byli jsme okradeni. We were .
    11 To jídlo se může zkazit. The food may bad.
    1 Chystám se k odchodu. I'm to leave.
    6 Kolik peněz tam je? How money is there?
    7 Kolikrát jsi to už viděl? How many have you seen it?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 He had a house built ...
    • 2 I'll tell her about it ...
    • 3 I've been learning English ...
    • 4 I tried to call him ...
    • 5 We had to wait ...
    • 6 I'm really sorry about ...
    • 7 I had a car accident ...
    • 8 He was fined 500 dollars ...
    • e but he isn't answering the phone.
    • g until they came back.
    • b what happened to her.
    • c but he sold it soon after.
    • f which made him angry.
    • h although she shouldn't know.
    • d but it wasn't my fault.
    • a for about two years now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 There will be no meeting. It was called out/away/off.
    12 I met her in/on/at the bus although I usually go on/in/by car.
    11 I came at/across/about an interesting article.
    13 We didn't meet on/at/by chance. We agreed to meet/meeting/met.
    6 I'm feeling unwell. I'll have to see/meet/reach a doctor.
    2 What's up, man? Long time no sea/see/say. How've you been?
    4 I'm trying! - I know but you must try stronger/harder/heavier!
    1 Are you looking forward to it? - Yes, I can't stay/afford/wait to see it.
    3 He's a year younger, but he's a head longer/taller/higher than me.
    8 I'm in a hurry. I must catch/reach/have the bus.
    10 I sent it at/to/in his e-mail address at/on/by accident.
    5 Are you hungry? - Not right/really/hardly. But I'm thirsty.
    7 Don't give up. You must stay/keep/last trying.

    Předložka by také znamená kolem, vedle (o pohybu). Např.: A police car went by. - Kolem projelo policejní auto. Stop by je hovorově stavit se (za někým).

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam.

    7 The computer is still on. - The computer is .
    13 They helped me do it. - I did it .
    1 I have to work tomorrow. - I'm taking a day tomorrow.
    6 You can get there by car. - You have to there.
    5 You must take off your glasses. - You must put your glasses.
    2 He's found a job. - He was .
    11 It's getting better. - It's getting .
    3 She needn't know about it. - She know about it.
    10 I like both beer and wine. - I like beer wine.
    4 I threw it away. - I it.
    14 What time do you go to bed? - What time do you up?
    12 She calmed him down. - She made him .
    9 It cost at least 300. - It cost at 300.
    8 Don't bring him with you. - Feel to bring him with you.
    15 He does hardly any work. - He works really .

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa v nápovědě.

    3 I've bring some wine.
    10 He be here a moment ago and he leave a message for you.
    9 I give it to him and I think he keep it.
    5 The house was sell for 20.000.
    1 Where be you last night?
    7 They meet years ago and become friends.
    8 He have an accident and was take to hospital.
    4 He's speak to her.
    2 I haven't see you for ages!
    6 She was hit by a car.

    Slovo left znamená též zbylý. Užívá se hlavně ve spojení be left - zbýt, zbývat. Např.: There's nothing left. - Nic nezbylo., I don't have much money left. - Už mi nezbývá moc peněz. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    2 I'll see you Monday 4 p.m.
    11 Do you have it you? - No, I left it work.
    4 He'll be back ten minutes. You can wait him.
    9 Look these two. Is there any difference them?
    6 Don't worry that. I'll take care it.
    5 We'll meet Christmas Eve at 7 p.m. my place.
    8 They spend all their money food and clothes.
    1 Only one 20 Americans don't have a car.
    10 What disease did he die ? It's not known.
    7 Who'll be looking the kids when she's gone?
    12 Thank you so much. It's so nice you.
    3 I'm too tired. I can't go .

    Američané často jako výraz díků říkají: I appreciate it. - Vážím si toho., Oceňuji to. (appreciate əˈpriːʃɪˌeɪt - oceňovat, vážit si)

    Exercise 12

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 I've known her for 2 years.
    1 He left for work an hour ago.
    3 Nobody else knows about it.
    7 It cost me over 500 dollars.
    4 I told Bob and Jane about it.
    9 He drank five beers.
    2 I've been waiting for an hour.
    5 We'll spend the weekend at the seaside.
    8 I haven't sent it yet.
    10 I've been learning English for a year.

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte překlady vět pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Našli ji o týden později. She a week later.
    2 Bude povýšena. She'll .
    6 Tato auta se vyrábí v Japonsku. These cars in Japan.
    1 Ukradli mu auto. His car .
    7 Toto slovo se často neužívá. This word often.
    4 Srazilo je nákladní auto. They by a truck.
    11 Viděli ji, jak odchází. She leaving.
    8 Článek napsala dívka. The article by a girl.
    10 Ví se o něm, že je bohatý. He to be rich.
    5 Postavili 3 nové domy. Three new houses .
    9 Vzali ho na vysokou. He to college.
    3 Mohli by ho vyhodit z práce. He could .

    I'm flattered. ˈflætəd nebo též I feel flattered. je česky Jsem polichocen.

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 We can't without their help.
    13 This dress me look fat.
    11 He a lot of money last year.
    14 He it to her angry.
    5 I'm running late. I won't it in time.
    3 Stop fun of me!
    4 How did you at school? Were you a good student?
    9 These photos me want to go on holiday.
    1 Have you your homework?
    10 Please your best. It's very important.
    12 I only have 20 dollars. Will it ?
    7 They a lot of damage when they broke in.
    8 I need to a phone call.
    15 it sense to you?
    2 I've a big mistake.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte odpovědi pomocí slovesa z otázky.

    1 Where did you go on holiday? - We to the seaside.
    3 Did you get my message? - No, I no message.
    4 When did they send it? - They it last night.
    10 Did you write down his name? - No, I his number.
    9 How did you feel when you found out? - I really bad.
    8 Did you understand him? - I only a few words.
    2 When did he lose his job? - He his job last year.
    6 How many times did you try it? - I it at least five times.
    5 How long did you spend there? - We a week there.
    7 Did you buy any wine? - No, I only food.

    Exercise 16

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    8 She used to work a teacher.
    4 It's very hot. The temperature is 30 degrees.
    12 We'are all very sorry her death.
    1 Have you ever been the USA?
    2 We'll meet the airport.
    3 I'm leaving Paris tomorrow.
    10 It was a secret meeting. They met closed doors.
    6 I got it Christmas a friend of mine.
    9 It looks you are having a great time.
    5 It's too hot inside. I'll wait the pub.
    7 I'm tired listening to them. I'm leaving.
    11 It's not for kids. You must be 18 years old to buy it.

    Spojení feel sorry for se užívá, když někoho litujete, be sorry for hlavně při omluvě za svůj čin ap., ale be sorry about se užije o situaci či něčem, co nastalo. Např.: I felt sorry for him. - Bylo mi ho líto., I'm sorry for disturbing you. - Promiňte, že vás ruším. ALE I'm sorry about that. - To mě mrzí. Sorry se může vázat i s infinitivem. Např.: We're sorry to inform you ... - S politováním vám oznamujeme...

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte. Neužívejte stažené tvary. (Pište celými slovy.)

    3
    9
    4
    5
    8
    10
    2
    7
    1
    6

    Exercise 18

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    • Spojte výroky, které mají opačný význam.

    • 1 He's jobless.
    • 2 He made her angry.
    • 3 He's in good health.
    • 4 I'm enjoying it.
    • 5 He died there.
    • 6 I don't care about her.
    • 7 I have two siblings.
    • 8 I'm really hungry.
    • a He's seriously ill.
    • h He was born there.
    • e He's employed.
    • g I'm crazy about her.
    • f He calmed her down.
    • d I'm an only child.
    • c I've eaten.
    • b I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte větu posunutou do minulého času s užitím časové souslednosti.

    4 I suppose you know that. - I supposed you that.
    2 I'm afraid they're lost. - I was afraid they lost.
    10 I know what he's going to do. - I knew what he going to do.
    6 She says she'll help us. - She said she help us.
    9 I don't know who did it. - I didn't know who it.
    5 I hope you'll come. - I hoped you come.
    3 I'm sure they have it. - I was sure they it.
    8 He says he was there. - He said he there.
    1 I think she is there. - I thought she there.
    7 I believe he forgot about it. - I believed he it.

    Exercise 20

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Ještě jsem to nečetl.
    yet
    2 Už jsi to poslal?
    yet
    5 Neviděl jsem ho už měsíce.
    for months
    4 Už odešli.
    already
    3 Právě jsem to dodělal.
    just
    8 Co ještě bych měl udělat?
    else
    9 Dám si ještě jedno pivo.
    more
    7 To bude ještě dražší.
    even
    1 Díváme se právě na film.
    just
    10 Zkus to ještě jednou.
    again; more

    Exercise 21

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    • Doplňte překlady pomocí frázových sloves.

    8 Letadlo už odstartovalo. The plane has off.
    9 Vydržte chvilku. Hold a minute.
    1 Už jsem zjistil, kolik to stojí. I've out how much it costs.
    5 Musím se přihlásit v hotelu. I must in at the hotel.
    7 Mám pustit televizi? Shall I on the TV?
    3 Chtějí si užít (života). They want to it up.
    11 Můžeme to odložit? Can we it off?
    14 (Dávej) pozor! Watch !
    12 Došel mi benzín. I've out of petrol.
    2 Měl by nechat kouření. He should up smoking.
    10 Čti dál. on reading.
    6 Ceny domů vzrostly o... House prices up by ...
    4 Řekni mu, ať se uklidní. Tell him to down.
    13 Vyrazíme brzy ráno. We'll out early.

    Frázové sloveso go for má několik významů. Jeden z nejběžnějších je vybrat si nebo rozhodnout se pro. Např.: I'd go for this one. - Já bych si vybral tento. Ve významu platit pro... se užívá go for stejně jako sloveso apply to əˈplaɪˌtuː. Např.: That goes for you too., That applies to you too. - To platí i pro tebe. ap.

    Jaywalking ˈdʒeɪˌwɔːkɪŋ je neukázněné přecházení silnice. Termín jaywalker ˈdʒeɪˌwɔːkə je neukázněný chodec (přecházející na červenou, mimo přechod ap.).

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    11 When you've done something many times and you have no problem doing it, you are used to/addicted to/interested in it.
    3 When a meeting is to take place later, it is put out/away/off.
    2 When you get divorced/married/bored you become a husband and wife.
    8 When you give someone food, you say: Welcome/Cheers/Help yourself.
    10 The part of a street used for walking is called the jaywalk/sidewalk/walker.
    7 When someone takes your things away, you are broken/robbed/stolen.
    4 If you want to eat healthily, you should get/avoid/order junk food.
    1 When two people are not a couple any more, they break up/down/in.
    6 When you get well again after being ill, you have tired/recovered/fainted.
    9 An old person who doesn't work anymore is wrapped/retired/admitted.
    5 To get a driving licence, you must first make/get/pass a driving test.

    Obrat to hail a taxi znamená zastavit si taxi (mávnutím). Podobně se užívá fráze wave down a taxi (wave weɪv - mávnout, zamávat).

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte překlady.

    13 Jeďte po této cestě. Go this road.
    9 Byla okradena dvěma muži. She by two men.
    3 To zní zajímavě. That interesting.
    2 Doufejme, že to vyjde. Let's hope it'll off.
    4 Mám (moc) rád italské jídlo. I'm of Italian food.
    14 Ať neodchází! Don't him go!
    8 Odjíždím v pátek ráno. I'm leaving Friday morning.
    10 Bude to stát spoustu peněz. It'll cost a of money.
    6 Zvykl jsem si na to. I used to it.
    7 Nejezdím po městě autem. I don't drive the city.
    1 Zamilovala se do něho. She in love with him.
    11 Mám raději čaj než kávu. I tea to coffee.
    12 Vyzvednu tě na letišti. I'll you up at the airport.
    5 Nechám to na vás. I'll it up to you.

    Ať v rozkazu lze také někdy přeložit pomocí obratu make sure (that) (ujisti se/zajisti, že...) Např.: Make sure you don't lose it. - Ať to neztratíš., Make sure he doesn't break it. - Ať to nerozbije. ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Změnil jsem názor.
    mind
    4 To je ale překvapení!
    surprise
    13 To nevadí.
    mind
    10 Rádi bychom si objednali.
    order
    1 Nevím, jak dlouho to potrvá.
    take
    3 Pokud vím, tak tady není.
    as far as
    11 Platím já! (pití ap.)
    buy
    5 Co takhle si dát pivo?
    pint
    6 Nechce se mi tam jít.
    feel like
    12 Neslyším vás.
    can
    2 Dám vám vědět co nejdřív.
    as soon as
    14 To rád slyším.
    glad
    7 Nejsem z toho zrovna nadšený.
    crazy
    8 To by bylo skvělé!
    great

    Pozor na slovo frekventovaný při překladu do angličtiny! Ve významu častý je to frequent. Chcete-li ale říct, že je něco často navštěvované nebo je zde velký provoz, užije se frequented frɪˈkwεntɪd. Např.: frequented road - frekventovaná silnice.

    Exercise 26

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Nevěděl jsem o tom.
    11 Musel jsem tam jít.
    9 Co ještě potřebujete?
    3 Dlouho vás nezdržím.
    2 Mám zpoždění.
    13 Nechám to na vás.
    4 Co se děje?
    16 Bydlím tady už deset let.
    6 Postarám se o to.
    18 Učím se anglicky už dva roky.
    15 Nikdy jsem v Londýně nebyl.
    8 Nesmíš to nikomu říct.
    14 Kdybych to měl, dal bych ti to.
    1 Máte pravdu.
    17 Jak dlouho už tady čekáte?
    19 Všechno nejlepší k narozeninám!
    7 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Hodně štěstí!
    10 Nemusíte platit.
    12 Ještě nepřišel.

    Sidewalk je americký termín. V Británii pro chodník užívají pavement ˈpeɪvmənt! V americké angličtině je ale pavement zpevněná vozovka (asfaltovaný povrch ap.).

    Připoutat se (v autě ap.) se hlavně v americké angličtině hovorově řekne buckle up ˈbʌkəlˌʌp. Např.: Buckle up! - Připoutej(te) se!

    Pozor! Slovo police se v angličtině chová jako podstatné jméno v množném čísle, tedy: The police are ..., The police have ... ap.! Např. The police are after him. - Jde po něm policie., Police say that ... - Policie říká, že...