Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    4
    8
    10
    6
    9
    12
    7
    2
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.