Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    2
    11
    5
    3
    6
    9
    7
    1
    8
    4
    12

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    4
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.