Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    7
    6
    9
    8
    10
    11
    1
    2
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    1
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.