Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    9
    10
    2
    11
    7
    8
    1
    12
    5
    6
    4

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    3
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.