Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    3
    12
    7
    1
    4
    5
    8
    10
    11
    6
    2

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    5
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.