Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    10
    12
    5
    2
    4
    3
    6
    7
    8
    11
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.