Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    2
    4
    10
    8
    6
    5
    12
    9
    7
    11
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.