Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    12
    9
    10
    2
    1
    7
    3
    4
    11
    6
    5

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    3
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    5 Šel tam sám?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.