Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    1
    10
    11
    6
    4
    2
    8
    12
    7
    3
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    3
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.