Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    7
    3
    10
    6
    11
    4
    9
    8
    2
    5
    12

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    5 Šel tam sám?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.