Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    1
    4
    5
    3
    10
    6
    11
    7
    2
    8
    12

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    3
    2
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    6 Kdy volala?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.