Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    9
    1
    10
    3
    7
    5
    8
    6
    12
    11
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.