Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    9
    11
    2
    6
    5
    12
    7
    8
    1
    3
    4

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Šel tam sám?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.
    4 Kdo tam šel?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.