Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    1
    10
    5
    8
    9
    4
    6
    11
    2
    7
    3

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    7 Odešla před minutou.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.