Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    7
    4
    3
    6
    1
    10
    2
    5
    12
    11
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    3
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    6 Kdy volala?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.