Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    1
    3
    10
    8
    4
    11
    6
    2
    12
    5
    7

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.