Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    6
    11
    5
    12
    7
    10
    2
    9
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    3
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.