Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    11
    10
    1
    9
    2
    12
    7
    8
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    3
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.