Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    8
    10
    7
    6
    5
    11
    12
    3
    1
    2
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    4
    2
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.