Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    5
    2
    4
    11
    8
    12
    7
    1
    6
    10
    9
    3

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    5
    1
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.