Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    11
    9
    5
    12
    8
    1
    4
    6
    10
    3
    2

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    4
    5
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.