Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    7
    6
    1
    10
    5
    11
    12
    9
    4
    3
    2

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.