Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    5
    12
    8
    11
    6
    2
    9
    10
    1
    4
    3
    7

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    2
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.