Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    4
    11
    5
    8
    3
    7
    6
    2
    10
    12
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    3
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.