Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    8
    7
    10
    11
    6
    4
    1
    2
    3
    9
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Kdy volala?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.