Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    3
    7
    8
    10
    11
    6
    1
    2
    9
    12
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    3
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.