Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    1
    9
    7
    11
    10
    3
    5
    4
    2
    12
    8

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.