Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    4
    5
    2
    8
    10
    1
    3
    6
    7
    12
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.