Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    2
    12
    1
    6
    8
    3
    11
    5
    10
    4
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.