Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    5
    12
    4
    6
    10
    11
    2
    3
    9
    8
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    2
    1
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.