Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    3
    7
    12
    9
    8
    5
    6
    10
    4
    2
    11

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.