Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    12
    4
    8
    5
    11
    2
    6
    3
    1
    10
    7

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    4
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.