Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    7
    9
    10
    4
    6
    5
    8
    12
    1
    3
    11

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    1
    4
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.