Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    5
    9
    7
    8
    12
    4
    3
    11
    1
    10
    6

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    3
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.