Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    7
    10
    6
    2
    4
    11
    8
    9
    1
    12
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    4
    3
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.