Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    7
    12
    1
    2
    6
    8
    9
    5
    3
    11
    10

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    1
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.