Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    6
    10
    5
    8
    9
    11
    3
    1
    2
    7
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.