Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    3
    10
    12
    6
    9
    1
    7
    2
    5
    8
    11

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    4
    3
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    7 Odešla před minutou.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.