Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    1 Where have you been?
    2 Have you seen it?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    5 I've never been there.
    6 Have we met before?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    8 I've just read it.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    18 I've known him for years.

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 I have see that film.
    5 They've leave already.
    6 I've hear about it.
    7 We've never be there.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    10 I've buy some apples.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • d Príjemca
    • e S pozdravom
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • h Predmet

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    1 What's new?
    2 What's happened?
    3 Who's done it?
    4 Who's there?
    5 She's been there before.
    6 She's still there.
    7 I've told him.
    8 There's a problem.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    10 He's had three beers.
    11 He's coming too.
    12 How's it going?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    5 I'm my best.
    6 Have you your homework?
    7 How much money did she ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    10 It no sense.
    11 What sports do you ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    13 We can without them.
    14 He's great progress.
    15 I need to a phone call.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself
    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    They, not, send it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    He, not, find it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    She, speak, with him

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    2 Už odišla. leave
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    1 I've been here two hours.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Už som jedol.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.