Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    4 Have you been here before?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    2 Have you seen it?
    5 I've never been there.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    8 I've just read it.
    17 What's happened?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    1 Where have you been?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    18 I've known him for years.

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    7
    1
    2
    10
    3
    5
    9
    4
    8
    6

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    5 They've leave already.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • d Príjemca
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • e S pozdravom
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • h Predmet
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    8 There's a problem.
    2 What's happened?
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    6 She's still there.
    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    10 He's had three beers.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    11 He's coming too.
    7 I've told him.
    1 What's new?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    6 Have you your homework?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    13 We can without them.
    11 What sports do you ?
    14 He's great progress.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    7 How much money did she ?
    5 I'm my best.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    10 It no sense.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    5 Send it this address.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    He, not, find it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    She, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    1
    she, break, her arm
    5
    They, not, send it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    2 Už odišla. leave
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    9 Už odchádzate?
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    1 Už som jedol.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.