Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    1 Where have you been?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    6 Have we met before?
    17 What's happened?
    4 Have you been here before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    18 I've known him for years.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    2 Have you seen it?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    2
    3
    6
    5
    10
    8
    4
    9
    7
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    6 I've hear about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    7 We've never be there.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • e S pozdravom
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • d Príjemca
    • h Predmet
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    7 I've told him.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    6 She's still there.
    4 Who's there?
    12 How's it going?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    2 What's happened?
    1 What's new?
    5 She's been there before.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    11 What sports do you ?
    10 It no sense.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    5 I'm my best.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    14 He's great progress.
    13 We can without them.
    7 How much money did she ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    5
    They, not, send it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    She, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    He, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    2 Už odišla. leave
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Už odchádzate?
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    1 Už som jedol.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.