Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    12 I've spoken with him.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    4 Have you been here before?
    1 Where have you been?
    18 I've known him for years.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    5 I've never been there.
    8 I've just read it.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    2 Have you seen it?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    6 Have we met before?
    17 What's happened?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    5
    9
    8
    1
    2
    6
    3
    7
    4
    10

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    6 I've hear about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    5 They've leave already.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • e S pozdravom
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • a V prílohe nájdete

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    7 I've told him.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    8 There's a problem.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    1 What's new?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    7 How much money did she ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    14 He's great progress.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    13 We can without them.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    5 I'm my best.
    6 Have you your homework?
    11 What sports do you ?
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    10 It no sense.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern
    5 Send it this address.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    3
    I, cut, myself
    9
    She, speak, with him
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    1
    she, break, her arm
    5
    They, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    7
    He, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    4 I not see John last week.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Už odišla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    8 Už je to dlho. long time

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    1 Už som jedol.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.