Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    2 Have you seen it?
    17 What's happened?
    5 I've never been there.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    11 Have you eaten?
    8 I've just read it.
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    18 I've known him for years.
    4 Have you been here before?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    5
    10
    2
    6
    1
    9
    7
    4
    8
    3

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    6 I've hear about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravom
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • d Príjemca
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • h Predmet
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    6 She's still there.
    4 Who's there?
    8 There's a problem.
    5 She's been there before.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    7 How much money did she ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    10 It no sense.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    13 We can without them.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    5 I'm my best.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    He, not, find it
    9
    She, speak, with him
    3
    I, cut, myself
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    They, not, send it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    2 Už odišla. leave
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    10 Už ste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    4 We've lived here last year.
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    1 Už som jedol.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    4 Už si jej to povedal?

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.