Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    5 I've never been there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    2 Have you seen it?
    8 I've just read it.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    4 Have you been here before?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    17 What's happened?
    18 I've known him for years.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    11 Have you eaten?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    10
    2
    6
    7
    9
    8
    3
    1
    4
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 I've hear about it.
    7 We've never be there.
    5 They've leave already.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • d Príjemca
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • h Predmet
    • e S pozdravom
    • a V prílohe nájdete

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    10 He's had three beers.
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    4 Who's there?
    2 What's happened?
    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    2 We have no mistakes.
    4 I've some tea.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    10 It no sense.
    6 Have you your homework?
    14 He's great progress.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    11 What sports do you ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    7 How much money did she ?
    5 I'm my best.
    13 We can without them.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    They, not, send it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    He, not, find it
    9
    She, speak, with him

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    2 Už odišla. leave
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    8 Už je to dlho. long time

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    1 Už som jedol.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.