Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    9 We haven't met for months.
    4 Have you been here before?
    1 Where have you been?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    2 Have you seen it?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    11 Have you eaten?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    5 I've never been there.
    18 I've known him for years.
    8 I've just read it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    6 Have we met before?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    4
    8
    6
    3
    2
    7
    10
    5
    9

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    5 They've leave already.
    1 He's break his leg.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • e S pozdravom
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    11 He's coming too.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    12 How's it going?
    1 What's new?
    5 She's been there before.
    2 What's happened?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    7 How much money did she ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    5 I'm my best.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    10 It no sense.
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    5 Send it this address.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    7
    He, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    She, speak, with him
    3
    I, cut, myself
    8
    why, you, come here?
    5
    They, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Už odišla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    1 Už som jedol.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odchádzate?

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.