Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    11 Have you eaten?
    8 I've just read it.
    4 Have you been here before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    1 Where have you been?
    6 Have we met before?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    18 I've known him for years.
    17 What's happened?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    6
    3
    4
    9
    10
    1
    7
    8
    2
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    1 He's break his leg.
    7 We've never be there.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravom
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • h Predmet
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • d Príjemca
    • a V prílohe nájdete

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    5 She's been there before.
    1 What's new?
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    12 How's it going?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    5 I'm my best.
    14 He's great progress.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    10 It no sense.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    7 How much money did she ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    1 Have you the cleaning?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    He, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    She, speak, with him
    5
    They, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    6
    you, do, the dishes?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    2 Už odišla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    6 She's worked here five years.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Už som jedol.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.