Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    2 Have you seen it?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    1 Where have you been?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    5 I've never been there.
    18 I've known him for years.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    6 Have we met before?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    4
    7
    10
    6
    2
    8
    3
    9
    5
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    7 We've never be there.
    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    5 They've leave already.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • e S pozdravom
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • a V prílohe nájdete

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    5 She's been there before.
    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    8 There's a problem.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    2 What's happened?
    7 I've told him.
    12 How's it going?
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    7 How much money did she ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    5 I'm my best.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    10 It no sense.
    13 We can without them.
    14 He's great progress.
    15 I need to a phone call.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • g No, I've been here before.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    5 Send it this address.
    10 whom it may concern
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    5
    They, not, send it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    7
    He, not, find it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    9
    She, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    2 Už odišla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    10 Už ste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    3 I've done that .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Už odchádzate?
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    1 Už som jedol.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.