Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    11 Have you eaten?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    5 I've never been there.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    18 I've known him for years.
    2 Have you seen it?
    4 Have you been here before?
    1 Where have you been?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    17 What's happened?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    7
    2
    6
    3
    9
    4
    5
    1
    8
    10

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    4 I have see that film.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    6 I've hear about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • d Príjemca
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • h Predmet
    • e S pozdravom
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    4 Who's there?
    11 He's coming too.
    5 She's been there before.
    2 What's happened?
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.
    3 Who's done it?
    12 How's it going?
    6 She's still there.
    10 He's had three beers.
    8 There's a problem.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    13 We can without them.
    10 It no sense.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    14 He's great progress.
    6 Have you your homework?
    7 How much money did she ?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    5 I'm my best.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    10 whom it may concern
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    5 Send it this address.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    1
    she, break, her arm
    5
    They, not, send it
    9
    She, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?
    7
    He, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    2 Už odišla. leave

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    3 I've done that .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    2 Have you cleaned ?

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    1 Už som jedol.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    9 Už odchádzate?
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.