Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    6 Have we met before?
    11 Have you eaten?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    18 I've known him for years.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    4 Have you been here before?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    17 What's happened?
    5 I've never been there.
    8 I've just read it.

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    4
    10
    9
    6
    5
    3
    7
    2
    8

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    8 I've tell him about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    4 I have see that film.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravom
    • d Príjemca
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • h Predmet
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    2 What's happened?
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    5 She's been there before.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    6 She's still there.
    1 What's new?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    2 We have no mistakes.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    10 It no sense.
    5 I'm my best.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    14 He's great progress.
    11 What sports do you ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    13 We can without them.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    4 I've some tea.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    7 How much money did she ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    10 whom it may concern
    5 Send it this address.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    3
    I, cut, myself
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    She, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    They, not, send it
    7
    He, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    2 Už odišla. leave
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    1 Už som jedol.
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.