Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    1 Where have you been?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    6 Have we met before?
    2 Have you seen it?
    18 I've known him for years.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    11 Have you eaten?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    4 Have you been here before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    17 What's happened?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    5
    8
    3
    10
    2
    9
    7
    6
    4

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    7 We've never be there.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • e S pozdravom
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    7 I've told him.
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    3 Who's done it?
    11 He's coming too.
    6 She's still there.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    4 Who's there?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    5 She's been there before.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    7 How much money did she ?
    14 He's great progress.
    5 I'm my best.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    11 What sports do you ?
    10 It no sense.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    13 We can without them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    1
    she, break, her arm
    4
    I, make, dinner
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    She, speak, with him
    5
    They, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    He, not, find it
    8
    why, you, come here?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    2 Už odišla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    1 Už som jedol.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    5 Poznám ho už roky.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.