Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    18 I've known him for years.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    4 Have you been here before?
    6 Have we met before?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    5 I've never been there.
    8 I've just read it.
    2 Have you seen it?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    17 What's happened?
    1 Where have you been?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    9
    3
    4
    6
    7
    5
    1
    8
    2
    10

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    5 They've leave already.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • e S pozdravom
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    10 He's had three beers.
    1 What's new?
    8 There's a problem.
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    5 She's been there before.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    4 Who's there?
    11 He's coming too.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    6 Have you your homework?
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    14 He's great progress.
    10 It no sense.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    4 I've some tea.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    7
    He, not, find it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    9
    She, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    They, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    2 Už odišla. leave
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    2 Have you cleaned ?

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    1 Už som jedol.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.