Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    7
    11
    10
    2
    12
    9
    3
    5
    8
    4
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    1
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.