Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    1
    2
    10
    4
    6
    7
    12
    5
    11
    8
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.