Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    7
    5
    6
    12
    1
    2
    8
    11
    3
    9
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    5
    3
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.