Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    3
    6
    11
    1
    5
    7
    4
    10
    8
    2
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    4
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.