Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    3
    5
    12
    11
    7
    8
    2
    1
    10
    4
    6

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    2
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.