Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    6
    5
    4
    9
    3
    11
    12
    1
    10
    8
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    2
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.