Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    2
    12
    8
    5
    4
    6
    9
    11
    10
    3
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    4
    2
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.