Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    5
    1
    9
    11
    12
    10
    2
    8
    3
    6
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.