Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    5
    6
    7
    12
    4
    2
    3
    11
    1
    8
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    3
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.