Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    1
    2
    11
    3
    12
    5
    7
    8
    9
    6
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    1
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.