Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    11
    8
    9
    1
    7
    3
    4
    5
    12
    10
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.