Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    2
    8
    6
    12
    10
    11
    3
    9
    7
    4
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.