Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    7
    8
    12
    4
    3
    5
    11
    1
    2
    10
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    1
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.