Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    3
    2
    8
    11
    4
    6
    12
    5
    10
    7
    9

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.