Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    6
    2
    1
    7
    11
    12
    8
    3
    9
    5
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    3
    2
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.