Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    11
    12
    7
    6
    8
    10
    4
    3
    5
    2
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    4
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.