Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    1
    8
    11
    2
    7
    5
    6
    4
    9
    12
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    5
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.