Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    10
    8
    1
    7
    4
    11
    6
    9
    5
    12
    2

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.