Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    3
    1
    10
    2
    8
    9
    6
    5
    4
    12
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    5
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.