Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    7
    4
    2
    1
    11
    3
    6
    10
    12
    9
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    1
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.