Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    4
    8
    12
    6
    11
    9
    2
    1
    5
    7
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    5
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.