Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    6
    9
    11
    1
    10
    7
    5
    4
    12
    8
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.