Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    2
    4
    6
    7
    3
    10
    8
    11
    1
    9
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    5
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.