Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    10
    4
    9
    11
    1
    3
    2
    7
    12
    8
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    3 Neboli doma.
    6 Kedy volala?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.