Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    6
    9
    12
    4
    5
    8
    2
    3
    11
    1
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    4
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.