Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    11
    12
    4
    8
    9
    3
    5
    1
    6
    2
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.