Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    4
    7
    5
    1
    9
    11
    6
    10
    3
    8
    12

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    5
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.