Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    7
    8
    4
    2
    9
    12
    11
    5
    1
    10
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    4
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.