Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    3
    9
    12
    8
    7
    1
    11
    6
    4
    10
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    3
    2
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.