Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    8
    10
    6
    2
    5
    11
    12
    9
    7
    1
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.