Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    3
    11
    8
    12
    5
    2
    1
    4
    10
    7
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.