Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    10
    3
    11
    4
    1
    12
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    3
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.