Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    5
    4
    7
    2
    1
    9
    6
    10
    8
    12
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    3
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.