Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    11
    8
    12
    3
    2
    7
    1
    10
    4
    6
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    5
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.