Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    4
    11
    7
    9
    2
    3
    1
    6
    12
    5
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.