Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    8
    10
    4
    2
    9
    12
    11
    1
    3
    5
    6

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.