Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    2
    1
    9
    5
    3
    11
    4
    7
    8
    12
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    1
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.