Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    5
    11
    8
    9
    6
    1
    10
    7
    3
    2
    12

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.