Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    4
    7
    8
    10
    11
    3
    5
    1
    2
    12
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    1
    4
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.