Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    12
    5
    9
    4
    8
    6
    1
    11
    3
    2
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    5
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.