Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    2
    8
    4
    5
    12
    3
    1
    11
    6
    10
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    4
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.