Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    9
    6
    3
    11
    4
    8
    7
    12
    10
    5
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    1
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.