Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    12
    6
    5
    1
    8
    7
    9
    10
    4
    2
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.