Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    3
    12
    8
    2
    11
    4
    10
    6
    5
    1
    9

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    1
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.