Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    7
    4
    8
    10
    12
    3
    9
    6
    5
    1
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.