Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    9
    1
    3
    2
    8
    11
    6
    10
    5
    4
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    4
    3
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.