Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    4
    5
    9
    10
    12
    3
    2
    6
    1
    8
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    1
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.