Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    11
    5
    4
    1
    9
    12
    7
    10
    3
    2
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.