Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    7
    3
    6
    9
    4
    8
    12
    2
    1
    11
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    5
    2
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.