Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    7
    2
    4
    6
    5
    1
    12
    10
    3
    8
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.