Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    5
    10
    11
    2
    7
    4
    9
    8
    6
    12
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    3
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.