Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    7
    6
    8
    12
    3
    11
    9
    2
    1
    5
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.