Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    8
    6
    4
    3
    7
    9
    11
    12
    1
    10
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.