Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    1
    6
    4
    2
    7
    11
    3
    12
    5
    8
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.