Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    12
    6
    4
    1
    2
    9
    5
    3
    10
    11
    8

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    6 Kedy volala?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.