Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    8
    10
    3
    7
    5
    12
    1
    9
    11
    4
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.