Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    1
    2
    3
    11
    5
    7
    12
    8
    9
    4
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.