Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    3
    8
    12
    2
    7
    5
    4
    11
    10
    9
    6

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    1
    4
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.