Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    11
    9
    3
    2
    7
    8
    10
    5
    12
    6
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    3
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.