Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    5
    6
    4
    7
    11
    3
    1
    10
    12
    2
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    4
    2
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.