Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    1
    3
    8
    2
    7
    12
    10
    9
    5
    6
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    1
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.