Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    6
    4
    1
    8
    2
    12
    9
    10
    11
    7
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.