Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    4
    2
    11
    8
    7
    5
    3
    6
    12
    9
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    5
    1
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.