Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    1
    9
    6
    10
    8
    4
    3
    2
    7
    12
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    2
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.