Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    10
    11
    4
    9
    7
    12
    3
    5
    6
    2
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.