Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    7
    1
    9
    6
    4
    5
    11
    12
    2
    8
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    4
    3
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.