Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    8
    10
    5
    9
    12
    11
    2
    1
    4
    6
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    2
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.