Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    6
    8
    9
    1
    4
    3
    7
    10
    5
    12
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    5
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.