Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    3
    1
    8
    7
    2
    9
    10
    11
    12
    6
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    1
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.