Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    4
    12
    6
    9
    5
    1
    10
    7
    3
    2
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    1
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.