Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    3
    10
    4
    1
    9
    8
    2
    7
    11
    6
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.